Motivation and Performance Management of Police Officers in Tanzania: A Case of Dar es Salaam Zone
Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between motivation and performance management in the Tanzania Police Force, with a focus on the Dar es Salaam Zone. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional research design with mixed methods was applied. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used. Slovene’s formula was employed to determine a sample of 246 respondents from a target population of 675. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Findings: The results indicate that, apart from job security, working conditions and salary allowances were key motivating factors. Senior NCOs rated working conditions significantly higher than junior NCOs (mean score 4.9; p = 0.002). Salary and allowances were stronger motivators for both junior and senior NCOs (average score 4.5) compared to police officers (average score 1.5). Overall, officers expressed dissatisfaction with lack of accommodation, limited recognition, and delayed promotions—some extending up to 18 years, particularly among NCOs. Community members across the three regions also reported poor police performance. The study concludes that rewards strongly influence job performance, and structured reward systems that align individual achievements with organizational goals foster accountability and high performance. Practical Implications: The study recommends that the Tanzania Police Force Commission Board establish transparent promotion procedures and standardized performance appraisal systems to ensure fairness, recognition, and timely career advancement. Originality/Value: Employee motivation remains a critical issue in policing. This study highlights persistent structural challenges in the Tanzania Police Force and emphasizes the importance of reward systems in shaping performance. The findings contribute to ongoing debates on workforce motivation, with relevance extending beyond policing to broader public sector management.